Most consist of information about programming, usage and operation of synthesizers, as well as software products that emulate synthesizers. Additional scans are always welcome. A collection of manuals and instructions related to firearms, handheld weapons, and other related products. Includes scanned manuals, flyers, walkthroughs, and advertising. This collection consists of manuals, circuit diagrams, cheat sheets and other materials related to the operation of arcade machines.
Coin-operated arcade games, especially as they became primarily electronic and sold to an ever-widening audience of vendors and distributors, came with instruction manuals, repair documentation, and schematics. Usually attached inside the machines inside bags, or as part of the manifest documents, these manuals were vital for installation and operation of these The brand was first introduced on December 3, in Japan with the launch of the original PlayStation console.
It now consists of a total of four core home consoles, as well as a media center, an online service, a line of controllers, two handhelds Manuals, Schematics and Repair information for cars, automobiles, and other vehicles. Tektronix, Inc. It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh, and eighth generations respectively. The brand also represents applications games , streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live.
The brand was first introduced on November 15, in the United States, with the launch of the original Xbox console. Apple Inc. Its best-known hardware products are the Mac line of computers, the iPod media player, the iPhone smartphone, and the iPad tablet computer.
MAME 0. This is a collection of Laptop services manuals, how-tos, documents for spare parts, and included pamphlets for laptop computers. They have been separated by manufacturer for easy retrieval. A large collection of manuals and instructions for printers, including laser, dot-matrix, jet, and combination printer-fax-copier machines.
It held the official Saturn magazine license for the UK, and as such some issues included a demo CD created by Sega, called Sega Flash, which included playable games and game footage. The last issue was Issue 37, November A collection of manuals, pamphlets, information leaflets and other materials regarding the Tandy TRS Miscellaneous Manuals. In , Roland's headquarters relocated to Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture. As of March 31, , it employed 2, employees. It has existed in different forms since This collection of commodore manuals, instructions, schematics and technical information comes courtesy of the army of anonymous scanners of bombjack.
Manuals and documentation related to the Atari ST computer. For additional manuals regarding tractors and farm equipment, be sure to browse the Farming and Construction Equipment Manual Archive. Manuals for all manner of vending machines, coin mechanisms, and parts relating to vending. Manuals related to the operation and repair of Recreational Vehicle generators and heaters.
In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube in North America , tube, or thermionic valve or valve in British English is a device controlling electric current through a vacuum in a sealed container. The simplest vacuum tube, the diode, contains only two elements; current can only flow in one direction through the device between the two electrodes, as electrons emitted by the hot cathode travel through the tube and are collected by the anode, or in conventional current terms, anode to Motorola Manuals.
It was the first entry in the sixth generation of video game consoles, preceding the PlayStation 2, Xbox and GameCube. The Dreamcast is Sega's last home console to date, with no successor released since its discontinuation. Sony Playstation 2 Manuals and Covers. Topics: Sony Playstation 2, Manuals, Covers. Fluke Manuals. A collection of books, manuals and datasheets around Texas Instruments computers and electronics, published across decades. The Company became soon well known thanks to products such as Domino, a coffee dispenser for breakfast needs well appreciated for its excellent performances and innovative design.
Manuals for the Atari also known as VCS home console system. TYO: is a Japanese multinational corporation and conglomerate based in Japan with a very wide range of products and services, predominantly musical instruments, electronics, motorcycles and power sports equipment.
It should be same as IN8. Thus it can be regarded as a noncoherent version of BPSK. DPSK eliminates the need for a coherent reference signal at the receiver by combination of two basic operations: i Differential encoding of binary input ii Phase Shift keying PSK.
DPSK receiver implementation merely requires that sample values be stored, thereby avoiding the need for delay lines that may be needed otherwise. So the, EX-OR gate output is equivalent to the differential signal of the modulating data. This differential data is applied to the one input of an XOR gate and to the. So the output of this is modulating signal. Connect the power supply in proper polarity to the DPSK trainer kit and switch it on.
Observe the various waveforms as, if recovered data mismatches with respect to the transmitter data, then use RESET switch for clear observation of data output. PSK refers to discrete number of states.
With half the number of states, it is BPSK. With twice the number of states as QPSK. There are various methods to modulate and demodulate. One way is of modulating the data bits is, the incoming data stream is divided into. Both are converted into PSK modulated signals. The carriers used for modulating the two data streams have same frequency but are out-of-phase with each other.
Then, a simple XNOR operation between each phase and the modulated signal will produce a logic "1" only if both coincide. In this case, the logic "1" is produced at the lower branch. The result is the demodulated PCM signal. Connect the power supply in proper polarity to the QPSK trainer kit and switch it on. QPSK Demodulation 1. Observe and sketch the Even Bit at TP Observe and sketch the Odd Bit at TP Select Data pattern of simulated data using switch SW1.
SIN 1 to IN1 b. SIN 2 to IN2 c. SIN 3 to IN3 d. SIN 4 to IN4. Observe various waveforms as mentioned below fig. THEORY: PCM is a digital representation of an analog signal where the magnitude of the signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, then quantized to a series of symbols in a numeric usually binary code. It refers to a system in which the standard values of a quantized wave are indicated by a series of coded pulses.
When these pulses are decoded, they indicate the standard values of the original quantized wave. In this method of signal coding, the message signal is sampled and the amplitude of each sample is rounded off approximated to the nearest one of a finite set of discrete levels, so that both time and amplitude are represented in discrete form. This allows the message to be transmitted by means of a digital coded waveform, thereby distinguishing pulse-code modulation form all analog modulation techniques.
The essential operations in the transmitter of a PCM system are sampling, quantizing and encoding and the whole process is called as analog- to- digital conversion. At the receiver the operations of decoding and reconstruction are performed to recover the analog message signal and whole process is called as digital-to-analog conversion. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. Check the output at pin number 11 of the 2nd IC, which will be approximately 8 kHz divided by 16 of 2MHz.
Observe the demodulated output at pin number 5 of IC and compare it with original message signal. Observe the changes at the PCM output and demodulated output by changing the frequency and amplitude of the message signal. These materials are usually selected by taking into account their absorption characteristics for different wavelengths of light.
In case of Optical Fiber, since the signal is transmitted in the form of light, which is completely different in nature to study the losses in fiber. Losses are introduced in fiber due to various reasons. As light propagates from one end of Fiber to another end, part of it is absorbed in the material exhibiting absorption loss. Also part of the light is reflected back or in some other directions from the impurity particles present in the material contributing to the loss of the signal at the other end of the Fiber.
In general terms it is known as propagation loss. Whenever the condition for angle of incidence of the incident light is violated the losses are introduced due to refraction of light.
This occurs when fiber is subjected to bending loss. Lower the radius of curvature more is the loss. Numerical aperture refers to the maximum angle at the light incident on the fiber end is totally internally reflected and is transmitted properly along the Fiber. The cone formed by the rotations of this angle along the axis of the Fiber is the cone of acceptance of the Fiber. The light ray should strike the fiber end within its cone of acceptance; else it is refracted out of the fiber core.
NOTE: - Keep all switch faults in off position. Connect the power supply cables with proper polarity to trainer kit. While connecting this, ensure that the power supply is OFF. Keep intensity control pot P2 towards minimum position. Switch ON the power supply. Connect the output post out of Analog Buffer to the transmitter.
Slightly unscrew the cap of SFHV nm. Do not remove the cap from the connector. Once the cap is loosened, insert the 1 Meter Fiber into the cap. Now tighten the cap by screwing it back. Observe the detected signal at post Analog out on oscilloscope. Adjust intensity control pot P2 Optical Power control potentiometer so that you receive signal of 2Vpp amplitude. Measure the peak value of the received signal at Analog out terminal. Let this value be V1.
Do not disturb and settings. Again take the peak voltage reading and let it be V2. Now switch off the power supply. Switch on the power supply. Set up the nm analog link using 1-meter fiber as per procedure discussed previously. Bend the Fiber in a loop. As shown in fig measure the amplitude of the received signal. Do not reduce loop diameter less than 2cm. Plot a graph of the received signal amplitude versus the loop diameter.
Make connections as shown in fig. While connecting this, ensure that the power supply is off. Keep Intensity control pot P2 towards minimum position.
Keep Bias control pot P1 fully clockwise position. Set up the nm analog link using 1-meter fiber. Insert the other end of the Fiber into the numerical aperture measurement jig. Adjust the fiber such that its cut face is perpendicular to the axis of the fiber. Keep the distance of about 5mm between the fiber tip and the screen. Gently tighten the screw and thus fix the fiber in the place.
Increase the intensity pot P2 to get bright red light circular patch. Now observe the illuminated circular patch of light on the screen. Measure exactly the distance d and also the vertical and horizontal diameters MR and PN as indicated in the fig. Basically a fiber optic link contains three main elements a transmitter, an optical fiber and a receiver. The transmitter module takes the input signal in electrical form and transforms it into optical light energy containing the same information.
The optical fiber is the medium which carries this energy to the receiver. At the receiver, the light energy is converted back into electrical form with the same pattern as originally fed to the transmitter. In TDM various signals are sampled and transmitted for a fixed duration of time one after the other. At the receiving end, these signals are extracted in the same order and form of transmission.
Using this technique, more number of data channels can be transmitted on a single transmission link. The time slot for each channel repeats after regular intervals.
Marker used in TDM is a unique bit pattern placed at some fixed position in the frame and used to determine the start of the frame at the receiver. Now observe the test point of marker i. Observe the channel-1 signal with respect to the frame clock.
You will find the markers are present alternately in each frame. Observe how the frame respects itself at regular intervals. Observe the position of PCM data in the frame. Step 2: The carrier frequencies for both low frequency and high frequency bits are selected and the respective carriers are generated. Step 3: The input bits are given separately to two level shifters as one as the direct bits and for another through the inverter.
Step 5: Both the multiplier outputs are added up to get the output FSK wave form. Step 6: In the FSK detector process at first the input FSK wave is given to the band pass filter and then passed through the limiting circuit. Step 7: The limiting circuit output is given to the FM detector circuit. Step 8: The FM detector output is then passed through low pass filter which acts as an integrator that adds up all the values of the signal.
Step 9: The low pass filter output is then given to the decision device which gives us the output as the input bit stream. Step 1: The binary bit sequence is first taken into a variable.
Step 2: The suitable carrier frequency is selected and two carriers one with zero phase and other with 90 degree phase are generated. Step 3: The input bit stream is given to the de-multiplexer and is decoded. Step 4: The de-multiplexer output is divided into two and one is multiplied with in phase Component and the other with the out of phase component. Step 5: Both the multiplexer outputs are taken and are added together which gives us the QPSK output wave.
Step 6: In the de-modulation process the input QPSK wave is multiplied with both the in Phase and out phase components by an multiplier. Step 7: Both the outputs are passed through an low pass filter which acts as an Integrator that adds up all the values of the signal. Step 8: The low pass filter outputs are given to the decision device which assigns the Values to the wave. Step 9: The decision device output is given to the multiplexer circuit which gives the output as the input bit stream.
What are the disadvantages of Analog communication? What are the Advantages of Digital Communication? Reliable, Noise effect is very less, power consumption is very less, and various Digital ICs are available so circuits not complex, cheap, Error detection and correction is also possible.
What are different types of digital modulation? How to convert an analog signal into digital signal? Blocks: Anti-aliasing filter, Sampler, Quantizer, encoder. Define the functionality of Sampler, Quantizer? Sampler: converts a continuous time signal into discrete time signal. Quantizer: converts continuous in amplitude signal into discrete in amplitude signal. What is meant by quantization? While converting the signal value from analog to digital, quantization is performed. The analog value is assigned to nearest digital value.
This is called quantization. The quantized value is then converted into equivalent binary value. The quantization levels are fixed depending upon the number of bits.
Quantization is performed in every Analog to Digital Conversion. What are some Coding techniques? Pulse code modulation, Differential pulse code modulation, Delta modulation, Adaptive delta modulation. What is Sampling? Converting a continuous time signal into discrete in time signal is called as Sampling similar to cutting a bread into slices. State Sampling theorem. A bandlimited signal of finite energy, which has no frequency components higher than W Hz, may be completely recovered from the knowledge of its samples at the rate of 2W samples per second.
What is Nyquist Rate? If the sampling frequency is twice of Continuous time signal frequency max , then that is called as Nyquist rate. How many types of samplings are their? Explain briefly? Computer Aided Building. Strength of Materials Laboratory. Soil Mechanics Lab. Environmental Engineering Lab. Concrete and Highway. Computer Aided Design. Manufacturing Lab. Fluid Mechanics Lab. Electrical Engineering Lab.
Thermal Engineering Lab. Strength of Materials Lab. Dynamics Lab. Metrology Lab. Design and Fabrication Project. Simulation and Analysis Lab. Mechatronics Lab. Analog and digital circuits Lab.
OOPS Lab. Control System Lab. Linear Integrated Circuit Lab. Digital Signal Processing. Communication System Lab. Computer Networks Lab.
Embedded Lab.
0コメント